·Technical difficulties gradually overcome the unmanned "speaking" moral ethics
Another country opened a green light for driverless driving. A few days ago, the UK officially announced that it will launch a pilot city for pilot cities in unmanned cities next year. Up to three cities will start testing unmanned cars for 18 months to 36 months starting next year. At the same time, the current traffic rules will be adjusted accordingly to meet the travel needs of unmanned vehicles. Float valve is one of the tray structures widely used in China at present. It has outstanding excellent performance, and its main characteristics are: Strip Guide Float Valve,Stainless Steel Float Valves,Acid Resistant Steel Float Valve,Strip Guided Float Valve Kit Yangzhou Tongyang Chemical Equipment Co., Ltd. , https://www.tongyangchemic.com
This also means that after the United States, Germany, France and other countries, another country launched a large-scale unmanned aerial vehicle test program, and the unmanned driving speed in the world has once again accelerated and entered the fast lane.
However, in the gradual launch of large-scale road testing, the difficulty of unmanned driving in the technical field is gradually being solved, followed by the non-technical problem that unmanned driving cannot avoid – the ethical controversy, which is also The biggest challenge for driverless driving in the future. Moreover, while unmanned driving can improve the safety of driving, can it fundamentally alleviate urban congestion and pollution? There is also controversy at this point.
Multi-country accelerated driverless pilots It is understood that the British business minister Vince Cable has officially announced to the outside world that the British government will launch two new policies for driverless cars to accelerate the launch of driverless driving. The development of the car. Among them, the British government will launch a city pilot program, will select up to three cities for related pilots, officially launched in January 2015, for a period of 18 months to 36 months of unmanned road test.
At the same time, the current traffic rules will be summarized accordingly. If necessary, some of the rules will be adjusted to integrate into the driverless car to create conditions for the driverless car to formally go on the road.
As early as May 2012, Nevada in the United States allowed unmanned vehicles to test on the road, when Google became the industry's first crab-eater. At the time, the Nevada Motor Vehicle Administration (DMV) issued its first permit to test how Google's driverless cars reacted on crowded streets and highways.
However, according to the state's specific bill, although the driverless car can be tested on the road, there must be two testers in the car, one sitting in the driver's seat and the other sitting in the co-pilot position. To avoid an accident when the system is in trouble.
At present, the mature countries in the automotive market have successively invested heavily in unmanned systems, and behind them are hidden huge commercial value. The analysis pointed out that driverless cars are subversive compared to traditional cars. Once the real popularity of the people is implemented, it will change the lifestyle of the owners and greatly enhance the intelligent lifestyle. In addition to stimulating the development of the vehicle industry, it will also drive the sensing technology, visual indicators, artificial intelligence software, GPS navigation systems and other industries, which will mean the business value of trillions.
More importantly, the driverless system will more effectively reduce the driver's accident caused by distraction. A Chinese engineer in the design of Google's driverless system said in an interview with this newspaper that the driverless car will maintain 360 degrees of the surrounding environment through a system consisting of laser detectors, radio radar detectors and camera equipment. No blind spots. Compared to manpower, it will never be distracted by changing the radio channel. This also means that driverless cars will naturally live in harmony with the surrounding road vehicles. The vehicle can clearly "see" the surrounding objects, clearly grasp their size and distance, and can determine how the surrounding objects will affect the motion and route of the vehicle. Different reactions are made depending on the specific conditions of the object.
Laws and ethics that cannot be circumvented Today, under the guidance of national policies, driverless cars are entering an unprecedented rate of development.
According to industry predictions, from the technical point of view, driverless is the evolution of driver assistance systems, and has become an emerging technology that combines driver information and driving systems into a systematic network. Starting in 2016, some automated systems will provide “start-stop†assistance for drivers on the road at speeds up to 30km/h. By 2020, when driving faster than 30km/h, advanced automated driving techniques can help perform other activities during normal driving times, such as reading the latest headline news on the Internet. The real driverless will be achieved in 2025.
This also means that in the next 10 years of development, driverless will gradually enter the consumer's field of vision. However, what followed was the legal and ethical issues that unmanned driving could not circumvent, which was the most critical non-technical factor in the development of unmanned driving.
For example, in extreme conditions where the accident cannot be avoided, the vehicle chooses to crash into the left side of the crowd? Still crashing into the right crowd? When an accident occurs during the unmanned driving of a vehicle, is it the responsibility of the manufacturer, the passenger inside the vehicle or the owner of the vehicle?
The analysis pointed out that system reliability is the most basic technical condition for unmanned use. Therefore, maximizing road safety is the basis of autonomous driving. Specifically, this requires a fail-safe architecture that guarantees that the car is in a safe state even in the event of a failure. However, the deadline for developing this necessary security architecture is not the only factor determining the time to market. Legal institutions need to decide on when and how automated cars will be listed, and draft the necessary legal framework.
Alfred Eckert, head of the senior engineering business unit of the Continental Group's Chassis and Safety Systems Division, pointed out to the newspaper: "The evolving autopilot function will help solve the serious challenges facing personal driving in the future. Automated driving can make roads safer. The traffic volume is higher, the fuel consumption is lower, and most importantly, the driver can obtain higher degrees of freedom and make better use of the time in the car. However, this is a gradual process that cannot be accomplished overnight. In addition to the problem, the development of economically applicable technologies and the establishment of an effective legal framework are the focus of future work."
However, in response to legal issues, governments are also making small steps forward. According to foreign media reports, in June this year, the California Motor Vehicle Administration (DMV) will issue regulations for the test drive of self-driving cars. Among them, the terms for the manufacturer will take effect on September 16, 2014, and the details of the non-manufacturer specifications are still to be improved and will take effect on January 1, 2015.
According to the requirements, compared with the conventional vehicles, the unmanned vehicles to be carried out clearly need to be declared, and the vehicle testers must complete the driverless training courses, familiar with the vehicle indicators and obtain valid qualifications. At the same time, the manufacturer of the driverless car must purchase insurance worth $5 million before the vehicle can be officially tested.
At the same time, some car companies are actively cracking the legal problems in order to accelerate the development of driverless driving. Among them, Volvo announced that in the event of an accident in a driverless car, if the car is in manual mode, the driver is responsible for the accident; but if it is in automatic driving, Volvo will assume full responsibility.
Is it no one or a helper?
It can be said that driverless cars, like new energy vehicles, will become the main changes in the future automotive industry. Today, traditional automobile manufacturers, component manufacturers, and IT giants are using their strengths to actively enter the market.
At present, in the field of unmanned driving, IT giant Google is in the forefront, its control system has completed about 1 million kilometers of real road testing, collecting a large amount of data. Moreover, Google has announced that its driverless cars have been able to handle normal road conditions.
The traditional car giant Audi also conducted corresponding tests in the United States. However, this test was conducted on a closed highway to collect driving data for obstacles and emergencies. This includes simulating most of the traffic environment in the future.
However, for driverless cars, the industry is not without controversy. This convenient way of transport will bring the city to expand again, and will it lead to waste of resources on another level?
Toyota Motor said that like other automakers or Google, Toyota attaches great importance to the development of driverless cars. However, driverless cars are not profitable and will cause threats such as urban expansion and pollution.
"The driverless technology will come out in the near 2020, but this will have unintended consequences." Ken Laberteaux, chief senior scientist of Toyota's North American R&D team, said that through the evolution of American history, you can see that every time The evolution of transportation, when driving becomes more convenient, people tend to live far from the city center. This will lead to accelerated urban expansion and pollution. To this end, Toyota prefers a “co-pilot†or assisted driving autopilot car solution rather than an unmanned system.
Recently, Baidu also officially announced that it is developing automatic driving technology, trying to catch up with Google's driverless technology. However, compared with Google's driverless, Baidu's research direction is more focused on autonomous driving, the system will mainly help people's operations, rather than completely replace people.
Progress of research and development of various companies Baidu:
As a global search engine that keeps pace with Google, Baidu is also developing autopilot technology to try to catch up with Google's driverless technology. Compared with Google's driverless, Baidu's research direction is more focused on autonomous driving, and the system will mainly help people's operations, rather than completely replace people.
Google:
In April of this year, Google told the outside world that since the start of the unmanned technology research in 2009, after five years of research and road test of about 700,000 miles, its driverless cars can be used on urban roads.
Audi:
Its driverless car, the A7, has been tested on the US highway in Florida. However, this test was conducted on a closed highway to collect driving data for obstacles and emergencies. This includes simulating most of the traffic environment in the future.
Progress in various countries France:
In February of this year, France announced the development roadmap for driverless vehicles. In the future, it will invest 100 million euros and use three years to develop driverless cars. It is expected that field testing of driverless vehicles will begin in 2015.
Germany:
In 2013, Bosch implemented a driverless car test on the highway. In addition, Medes-Benz conducted field tests of driverless cars on highways, city traffic and country roads.
United States:
A global leader in driverless development, Google has implemented a driverless program in the United States since 2009 and implemented road testing for driverless cars in 2012.
China:
On the whole, compared with foreign auto powers, China's driverless cars start late and have large gaps. Professor He Hangen of the National University of Defense Technology once said that the gap between unmanned technology and the United States in China is about 5-10 years. The current progress is only equivalent to the United States around 2005.
â‘´ Large operating flexibility
As the valve plate can rise and fall freely, it can adapt to the change of air volume from big to small, and the air gap speed is almost constant. It can also maintain high separation efficiency in a wide operating range with frequent load changes.
⑵ High separation efficiency
In practical application, the tray efficiency can reach 60~70%, 10~15 higher than that of bubble cap tray, and it is still very high at low load. Due to the high efficiency, the product quality is improved accordingly.
(3) Large processing capacity
Because the arrangement of float valves is much more compact than that of bubble cap tower, the opening rate is increased. In addition, the air flow blows into the liquid level in the horizontal direction, so the entrainment of foam is low, which can improve the air flow and increase the production capacity. The production capacity is 20~40% higher than that of bubble cap tower.
(4) Pressure drop is small
The air flow through the float valve shrinks, expands and turns only once, and the pressure drop is lower than that of the bubble cap tray. The pressure drop of each tray in the atmospheric tower is only 3-5 mm Hg.
In addition, it has simple structure and low cost; Long service life, no fear of dirty materials; Convenient installation and use.
Performance characteristics of float valve tray:
(1) The processing capacity is smaller than tongue type, sieve plate, and larger than bubble cap tray;
(2) Large operational flexibility;
(3) The pressure drop of the dry plate is larger than that of the tongue type, the sieve plate tray is larger, the pressure drop is smaller than that of the bubble cap tray, and the liquid level gradient on the tray is smaller;
(4) The entrainment of fog is small;
(5) Simple structure and convenient installation.